Trading Education

Risk Reward Ratio: Why 1:3 Alone Won't Save You

A risk reward ratio only means something next to your win rate. Learn the breakeven math, why fixed 1:3 targets fail, and how to set targets from levels.

In this guide
  1. What is a risk reward ratio?
  2. Why can a 1:3 ratio still lose money?
  3. Where should the target come from?
  4. How do you check the ratio before you enter?
  5. Do spread and commission change the ratio?
  6. Fixed ratio or structure-based targets: which should you use?
  7. What does this ask of the levels on your chart?
  8. Frequently asked questions

You set every trade at 1:3, lose six in a row, and the account is lower than when you started. The ratio looked disciplined. It wasn’t enough on its own.

A risk reward ratio compares your loss at the stop with your gain at the target, and it only means something next to your win rate. By the end of this post you’ll know the hit rate each ratio demands and how to set both lines from the chart before you size the trade.

Key Findings

  • A ratio needs a hit rate: 1:3 breaks even at one win in four, before costs, and loses money below that.
  • Levels set the ratio: the stop goes where the idea is wrong and the target at the next level in the way.
  • Stretched targets cost wins: pushing a target past resistance to reach 1:3 asks price to break that level first.
  • Costs hit tight stops hardest: spread and commission are a bigger share of a small stop than a wide one.

What is a risk reward ratio?

It is the distance from entry to stop compared with the distance from entry to target. A 20-pip stop with a 40-pip target is 1:2. The ratio is set before you enter, and it tells you the size of the bet, not the odds of winning it.

Investopedia’s definition of the risk/reward ratio frames it the same way: potential loss against potential gain. Van K. Tharp made the idea portable in Trade Your Way to Financial Freedom (1998) by calling the initial risk 1R. A trade that makes twice its risk is a 2R winner, whatever the pair or lot size.

Each ratio sets a breakeven bar. Your hit rate has to clear it.

The bars drop as the ratio grows. That’s the whole trade-off in one picture: a bigger reward per win lowers the bar, and only your real hit rate says whether you clear it.

Why can a 1:3 ratio still lose money?

Because the ratio fixes what a win pays, not how often wins come. At 1:3, three losses cost what one win makes. One win in four breaks even before costs. Win less often than that and the account shrinks, however disciplined each trade looks.

RatioWin paysBreakeven, before costsWhat it asks of you
1:11R1 win in 2A high hit rate, tight risk
1:22R1 win in 3Patience for a real move
1:33R1 win in 4Tolerance for long losing runs
1:55R1 win in 6Rare, large moves, and a steady nerve
1:1
Win pays
1R
Breakeven, before costs
1 win in 2
What it asks of you
A high hit rate, tight risk
1:2
Win pays
2R
Breakeven, before costs
1 win in 3
What it asks of you
Patience for a real move
1:3
Win pays
3R
Breakeven, before costs
1 win in 4
What it asks of you
Tolerance for long losing runs
1:5
Win pays
5R
Breakeven, before costs
1 win in 6
What it asks of you
Rare, large moves, and a steady nerve

The right-hand column is the part people skip. A 1:3 plan with a one-in-four hit rate will put strings of losses on the board that feel like a broken system. Most traders quit before the sample gets big enough to judge it.

Where this costs youPushing the target further out to "make" the ratio. The number on paper improves while the odds of reaching the target quietly fall.

Where should the target come from?

From the chart, not from a multiple. Put the target just before the next level price has to get through: prior swing high, daily pivot, a session high. A target placed past that level is a bet that the level breaks, which is a different trade.

Same entry, same stop. Only the target's position changed.

On the left, price reached resistance twice and rolled over, never touching the 3R line. On the right, the smaller target was filled on the first push. The left trade had the better ratio and the worse result.

The stop follows the same logic. It belongs past the price that proves the idea wrong, not at a round distance. If you want to set it from your own trade history, the maximum adverse excursion guide shows how.

How do you check the ratio before you enter?

Mark the stop, mark the target, then measure. Only then look at the ratio. If it clears the bar your hit rate sets, size the trade from the stop distance. If it falls short, skip it. Never nudge either line to rescue the number.

The levels decide the ratio, never the other way round.

That order matters. Traders who start from “I want 1:3” end up drawing the target where the maths wants it. Traders who start from the levels let the market set the ratio and pass on the trades that don’t pay enough.

Quick testCover the ratio and ask: would I put the target here if no number were attached? If not, the target was drawn to hit a ratio.

Sizing comes last. With stop distance known, the position sizing routine turns your fixed risk per trade into a lot size, so a wide stop means a smaller position rather than a bigger loss.

Do spread and commission change the ratio?

Yes, and the effect is largest on tight stops. The spread is paid on entry and exit, so it adds to the real distance to your stop and takes from the real distance to your target. On a small stop, a couple of pips of cost is a large share of 1R.

Say costs come to a quarter of your stop distance. The loss grows to 1.25R and the win shrinks to 1.75R, so a nominal 1:2 trade behaves closer to 1:1.4, and the breakeven hit rate climbs with it. Our breakdown of spread, commission and swap covers what each one charges. This matters because the base rate is already harsh: in March 2018 ESMA reported that between 74% and 89% of retail CFD accounts typically lose money.

Fixed ratio or structure-based targets: which should you use?

Structure first, with a minimum ratio as a filter. A fixed multiple is easy to automate and backtest, but it ignores where price is likely to stall. A structure target respects the chart, and the minimum ratio stops you taking trades that don’t pay.

ApproachHow the target is setStrengthWeakness
Fixed multiple (1:2, 1:3)Stop distance times a numberSimple, consistent to testIgnores levels in the way
Next level in the wayJust before the nearest opposing levelMatches where price tends to stallRatio varies trade to trade
Level plus minimum ratioNext level, trade taken only if ratio clears your barFilters low-payoff setupsFewer trades
Trailing exitStop follows price, no fixed targetCan catch extended trendsGives back part of each move
Fixed multiple (1:2, 1:3)
How the target is set
Stop distance times a number
Strength
Simple, consistent to test
Weakness
Ignores levels in the way
Next level in the way
How the target is set
Just before the nearest opposing level
Strength
Matches where price tends to stall
Weakness
Ratio varies trade to trade
Level plus minimum ratio
How the target is set
Next level, trade taken only if ratio clears your bar
Strength
Filters low-payoff setups
Weakness
Fewer trades
Trailing exit
How the target is set
Stop follows price, no fixed target
Strength
Can catch extended trends
Weakness
Gives back part of each move

The profit target playbook goes deeper on scaling out and trailing once the trade is live.

What does this ask of the levels on your chart?

It asks them to stay where they were drawn. The ratio is measured between two lines, so a stop or target level that shifts after the fact makes every past trade look better planned than it was.

RelicusRoad Pro prints its levels and signals once and doesn’t repaint them on MT4, MT5 or TradingView. It won’t choose your ratio or promise the target gets hit. It gives you fixed prices to measure from, so the ratio you logged is the ratio you had.

Frequently asked questions

What is a good risk reward ratio? There’s no single good number. A ratio is only good relative to how often your setups reach the target. A strategy that wins two in three can do well at 1:1, while one that wins one in five needs more than 1:4 to break even.

How do you calculate the risk reward ratio? Measure entry to stop, then entry to target, and compare them. A 20-pip stop and a 40-pip target is 1:2. Call the stop distance 1R, and that target is a 2R trade.

What win rate do I need for a 1:2 risk reward ratio? More than one win in every three trades, before costs. One win pays two units and two losses cost two, so that mix leaves you flat. Spread, commission and slippage push the real breakeven a little higher.

Should I always aim for 1:3? No. If the nearest resistance sits at 1.5R, a 3R target asks price to break that level first. Set the target at the level, then decide whether the trade is worth taking at the ratio the level gives you.

Does the risk reward ratio change during a trade? The planned ratio is fixed at entry. The realised one depends on your exit: breakeven stops, partial profits and trailing all change it. Log realised R per trade in your journal, not only the plan.


Before your next entry, mark the stop and the next level first, then measure. If you want those levels fixed in place while you do it, see how RelicusRoad Pro draws them.

Written for RelicusRoad by RelicusDigital.com.

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